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About Aldolase
Aldolase or fructose-bisphosphate aldolase are group of enzymes of lyases family (EC 4.1.2.13),
with molecular weight about 40kDa per monomer which contains aproximately 350 amino acid residues. Usually aldolase biological unit is dimer or tetramer.
Aldolase catalyse an aldol cleavage reaction. The reverse reaction is aldol condensation. During this reaction 6 carbon sugar molecule slitted into two three carbon sugars molecules and after this carbon atoms in diagrams are renumbered. The overall reaction can be written as D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate <=> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate. This reaction is endothermic (δGo = 28 kJ/mol or 6.69 kcal/mol). Aldolase can also utilize (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates.
Aldolase increase electron-attraction via two different ways. Aldolase class I (usually from bacteria and yeasts) forming a protonated imine with carbonyl group. Aldolase class II (microbial) increase electron attraction by polarizing of the carbonyl group with metal ion as cofactor, usually zinc. In animals aldolase can be found in muscles (type A), in liver (type B) and in brain (type C and A). The detailed taxonomy of aldolases are more complicated than those presented here.
Systematic name for fructose-bisphosphate aldolase is D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming), but in literature can be used under the different names: D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, ALD, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate triosephosphate-lyase, fructose 1-monophosphate aldolase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, fructoaldolase, fructose 1-phosphate aldolase, fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase, diphosphofructose aldolase, SMALDO, ketose 1-phosphate aldolase, 1,6-Diphosphofructose aldolase, phosphofructoaldolase and zymohexase.
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature hierarchy
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase classification on the basis of recommendations of Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB):
- EC 4 Lyases
- EC 4.1 Lyases that cleave carbon-carbon bond
- EC 4.1.2 Lyases that cleave carbon-carbon bond in aldoles
- EC 4.1.2.13 D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)
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